1-1-Base Oil
Base oil is a type of oil that is used as a base for lubricants. The main element of lubricants (volume-wise) is base oil and it forms about 95% of the lubricant’s weight. In some lubricants (Compressor and hydraulic oil) 99% of the oil has consisted of base oil and only 1% which is left contains additives. Base oils can be reached from oil-based and non-oil-based resources. Most of the base oils used in the world are obtained from crude oil refining. Most of the compounds which form base oils are Paraffinic, Naphthenic, and aromatic compounds.
Base oil’s chemical properties and their impact on the usage of final lubricant:
• Volatility: Reduction of the oil, oil thickening, sediments
• Surface Activity: Foaming, pressure tolerance, air release, emulsion expansion
• Oxidations: Sediments, oil thickening, metal oxidation, mud forming
• Viscosity: Fluidity in lower degrees, energy waste, abrasion protection, proper cooling
• Being soluble: Motor neatness, sealant compatibility, process applications, formulation
Sustainability
The base oil which is extracted from crude oil is called mineral base oil which is categorized into two types (Paraphilic and Naphtha).
1. Paraphilic oils have consisted of normal hydrocarbons and ISO hydrocarbons.
2. Naphtha oils consist of annular full hydrocarbons.
Paraphilic oils have certain attributes in comparison with naphthenic oils such as;
• More shedding temperature
• Less special weight
• More viscosity indicators
• Less solubility property
• Higher resistance against oxidation
• Higher flashpoint
Mainly naphtha oils are needed for fewer temperature criteria and pour points especially; hydraulic oils, coolers, rubber producing oils, metalworking, and cylinders’ lubricants for big motors and greases.
Packing and transporting base oils:
Common methods of packing and transporting base oils are as follows:
1. Tanker
2. 220-liter barrel
3. Flex tanks
1-2- Bitumen
Penetration Bitumen is a Semi-Hard black material known as Petroleum Grade Bitumen. Asphalt Penetration Bitumen produced by blowing hot air into the vacuum bottom. Penetration Grade Bitumen mainly used in road surfacing.
Bitumen with Lower Penetration Grade used in the regions with a warm climate, while Higher Penetration Grade used in Cold weather. Tiger Cement Limited has the capability to Export and Supply the different Grades of Penetration Bitumen including, Bitumen 40/50, Bitumen 60/70, Bitumen 80/100.
Penetration Grade Bitumen 40/50
Bitumen Penetration Grade 40-50 is Semi-Hard penetration grade bitumen using as Paving Grade bitumen suitable for road construction and repair also for the production of asphalt pavements with below Penetration Bitumen 40/50 Specifications. This grade of bitumen mainly used in the manufacture of hot mix asphalt for bases and wearing courses. Bitumen Asphalt 40-50 most used bitumen grade and basic material for all other bituminous products.
Penetration Grade Bitumen 60/70
Penetration Bitumen Grade 60-70 is Semi-Hard penetration grade bitumen used as Paving Grade bitumen which is suitable for road construction and repair. It is also used for the production of Asphalt pavements below Penetration Bitumen 60/70 Specifications. This grade of bitumen mainly used in the manufacturing of hot mix asphalt for bases and wearing courses. Bitumen Asphalt 60-70 one of the most used bitumen grades and it’s a basic material for all other bituminous products.
Penetration Grade Bitumen 80/100
Bitumen Penetration Grade 80-100 is Semi Hard penetration grade bitumen using as Paving Grade bitumen suitable for road construction and repair also for the production of Asphalt Pavements with below Penetration Bitumen 80/100 Specifications. This grade of bitumen mainly used in the manufacture of hot mix asphalt for bases and wearing courses. Bitumen 80/100 most used bitumen grade and basic material for all other bituminous products.
Types of bitumen packaging methods
1- The Barrel
• Number of barrels per insole: about 115 barrels without pallets and 90 barrels of pallets.
• The number of barrels in each container is 20 feet: 110 barrels without pallets and 80 barrels of pallets.
• The number of barrels in each container is 40 feet: 150 barrels without pallets and 137 barrels of pallets.
2- Poly Bag Packaging
Poly bag is a new and environmentally technology for packing different grades of bitumen, which provides the end users with the ability to transport and use the product more easily. Specifications of double-layer polyethylene cover film, which dissolves in bitumen during melting operations and improves the quality of packaged bitumen.
3- Bulk
4-Jambo Bag
Specifications of 180 kg barrels: Sheet thickness (body): 0.6cm Sheet thickness (top and bottom of the barrel): 0.6 cm Barrel cap location: CenterBarrel cap diameter: 20 cmNet barrel capacity: 182. 2.5 kg.5
Empty barrel weight: 9.5.2 cm
Barrel height: 100 cm
Barrel diameter: 50.2cm Color: Furnace black
1-3 Fuel Oil
Heavy Fuel Oil is the distillation residue of gasoline, liqueur, kerosene, and part of crude oil. This includes all remaining fuels, including those obtained by combining materials. Its kinematic viscosity is above 10 centistokes at 80 ° C. Its flash point is always higher than 50 degrees Celsius and its concentration is always higher than 0.90 kg / l. Fuel oil can be used as a boiler fuel, in the preparation of lubricating oils, in cracking or hydrogenation processes to produce engine fuel (gasoline or diesel oil), and in the production of bitumen and coke, depending on the type of chemical. The main difference between the different types of fuel oil is the amount of sulfur 100. Its degrees are determined by the levels of sulfur:
• Very low sulfur” fuel oil with 0.5% sulfur content
• Low sulfur” fuel oil with a sulfur content of 0.5-1.0%
• Normal sulfur” fuel oil with a sulfur content of 1.0-2.0%
• High sulfur” fuel oil with a sulfur content of 2.5-3.0%
Packing: barrel, bulk
1-4-Solvent – White Spirit
(Solvents 402-502-503)
Solvent or White Spirit or Mineral Spirits also known as solvent Naphtha (petroleum), Varsol, Stoddard Solvent is a petroleum-derived clear liquid used as a common organic solvent or fractions. The term “Solvents” refers to a class of chemical compounds described by function. The term derives from Latin, meaning roughly to “loosen.” In chemistry, solvents –which are generally in liquid form– are used to dissolve, suspend, or extract other materials, usually without chemically changing either the solvents or the other materials.
Many different solvents are used in a wide variety of everyday product applications, from paint, personal care products and pharmaceuticals, to pesticides, cleaners, and inks.